Prevalencia de prematuridad y factores de riesgo asociados en los recién nacidos, ingresados en el área de neonatología del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso entre el periodo 2011 al 2015

Abstract

Background: Prematurity worldwide is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity, which is why it is a real challenge for health systems. General Purpose: Establish the prevalence of prematurity and factors associated with prematurity in the Area of Neonatology of the Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso (HVCM) between the period 2011 to 2015. Methodology: Observational, analytical, cross-sectional study. We reviewed 447 clinical histories of HVCM neonates that met the inclusion criteria. The data was analyzed through the SPSS 15 program and presented in personalized tables. To establish the relationship with risk factors, the chi square test was applied, reporting odds ratio, 95% confidence interval and p value. The pertinent bioethics foundations are applied. Results: The prevalence of prematurity was 29.4%, 30.3% of mothers of premature babies were teenagers, 56.1% of high school, 36.4% married and 72.7% of urban areas. The predominant sex of preterm infants was males with 52.3%, 70.5% late preterm and 79.5% small for gestational age. The risk factors that showed a statistically significant relationship were: age less than 19 and greater than 35 years (OR: 1.71, CI: 1.12-2.59 p: 0.01), hypertensive disorders (OR: 1.81, CI: 1.08-3.03 p: 0.02), intrauterine growth restriction (OR: 4.89 CI: 3.17-7.55 p: 0.000), and multiple pregnancy (OR: 2.79, CI: 1.45-5.34 p: 0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of prematurity was high, a statistically significant relationship was found with: age, hypertensive disorders, intrauterine growth retardation and multiple pregnancy