Perfil bacteriológico, susceptibilidad antibiótica y factores asociados al uso de los dispositivos intravasculares centrales de la Unidad de Neonatología del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso. Cuenca. 2017

Abstract

Background: The use of central intravascular devices in neonatology is essential for the management of critical patients, however, its use has led to bacterial development and the increase of mainly infectious complications. Objective: To determine the bacteriological profile, antibiotic susceptibility and the factors associated with the use of central intravascular devices of the neonatology unit of the Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso. Basin. 2017 Methodology: Analytical and cross-sectional study based on the review of medical records of neonates with a central intravascular device whose catheter tip was cultured. They were processed in the SPSS v18.0 program, descriptive statistics were used, the associated factors were evaluated with prevalence ratio, confidence interval and p value. Results: Of the 184 catheters inserted in 172 neonates, the prevalence of positive cultures was 41.8%, the most frequent bacterium was S. epidermidis (44.2%) with a resistance of 100% ampicillin, penicillin G and erythromycin. The factors that were found associated were: prematurity (RP: 2.152, CI: 1.339-3.459, p 0.000), weight <2500 g (RP: 2.370, CI: 1.395-4.025, p = 0.000), use of central venous catheters of peripheral access (RP: 1,547, CI: 1,009-2,372, p = 0,032) and prolonged use after 21 days (RP: 1,781, CI: 1,286-2,468, p = 0,003). Conclusions: The prevalence of positive cultures was 41.8%, with S. epidermidis being the most frequent with total resistance to ampicillin, penicillin G and erythromycin. The associated factors were: prematurity, weight <2500 g, use of central venous catheter Peripheral access and extended use time> 21 days.