Prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal en mujeres embarazadas y factores asociados. Centro de Salud N°3 Nicanor Merchán. Cuenca, 2017.

Abstract

Background: Periodontal disease can start or worsen during pregnancy. Maternal periodontitis can be a risk factor for premature labor and low birth weight. Objective: To determine the prevalence of periodontal disease and related factors in pregnant women who obtained their prenatal care at the Centro de Salud No. 3 Nicanor Merchán in the City of Cuenca. Methodology: An observational, transversal analytical study was carried out. A total of 120 pregnant women were assessed in relation to their demographic, clinical-gynaecological and odontological characteristics, including their periodontal status. The association between periodontal status and clinical-demographic variables was evaluated using the chi-squared test. Odds ratios (ORs) were also calculated, since those variables that showed association were adjusted using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel statistics. Values of p 0.05 were considered significant. Results: 94.2% of pregnant women displayed periodontal disease (80.53% gingivitis and 19.47% periodontitis). There was a statistically significant association between periodontal disease and the percentage of plaque (p= 0.020) (OR: 9.411; IC 95%:10 – 41.55); as well as, between periodontitis and obesity (p= 0.029; OR: 3.16; IC 95%:13 – 8.84), periodontitis and pregnancy trimester (p= 0.004< OR;5.60 IC 95%: 1.56 – 20.16) and, periodontitis and plaque (p= 0.020; OR: 5.84; IC 95%:1.62 – 21). Conclusion: There exists a high prevalence of periodontal disease in the sample analyzed. This disease is associated with high percentages of plaque. In particular, periodontitis is associated with obesity, second and third pregnancy trimester and high percentages of plaque.