Prevalencia de hipoacusia en recién nacidos con factores de riesgo, valorados con Otoemisiones acústicas en el servicio de Neonatología del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso en el año 2016

Abstract

Background: hearing is a fundamental pillar in the interrelationship of people, alterations in hearing condition adult life therefore the early detection of hearing loss through the assessment of Otoacoustic Emissions is vital in newborns. General Objective: To determine the prevalence of hearing loss in newborns with risk factors, assessed with Otoacoustic Emissions in the Neonatology service of the Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso in 2016. Methodology: cross-sectional study with 401 records of newborns with auditory assessment by otoacoustic emissions in the area of neonatology of the HVCM (Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso), the information of the clinical history was collected with the use of a form. For the tabulation, the statistical package SSPS 15 was used, by means of descriptive statistics, Chi square as the indicator of association, prevalence ratio (PR) to estimate the risk and p value for statistical significance. Results: The prevalence of hearing loss in newborns was 18%, with statistically significant risk factors being: hyperbilirubinemia PR 1.9 (1.2-2.9), sepsis RP 1.7 (1.1-2.9), perinatal asphyxia PR 1.5 (1.02-2.3), more than 30 days of hospitalization PR 2.5 (1.6-3.9), mechanical ventilation PR 2 (1.3-3) and use of amikacin PR 2.7 (1.8-4.2); in all cases with p <0.05. Conclusions: the prevalence of hearing loss in newborns with risk factors is high in direct association with several risk factors evaluated