Factores asociados al inicio sexual precoz en adolescentes del Colegio Manuela Garaicoa de Calderón, Cuenca 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In Ecuador, as in other countries, there is an increase in extra-marital sexual relations among adolescents, with early sexual debut being predominant in males than in females. According to the Ministry of Public Health (MSP), adolescents begin their sexual life early, as it was found that an Ecuadorian teenager begins his sexual life at 14 years 3 months, with the academic level, family familiarity and environment social factors involved in it.

GENERAL OBJECT: To determine the factors associated with early sexual initiation in adolescents of the "Manuela Garaicoa de Calderón" School, Cuenca 2017.

METHODOLOGY: It is a study with a quantitative, analytical cross-sectional approach. The universe was constituted by 1356 students of the Manuela Garaicoa School of Calderón. For the calculation of the sample, the formula for finite universe sampling was used. n=(Npqz ²)/((N-1)e^2+ pqz ²) , obtaining 208 adolescents with a probabilistic sample by simple random. 95% confidence level.

RESULTS: Prevalence of early sexual relations was 28.4% of the study sample. The predominant sex is female with 127 adolescents for 61.1% with a ratio of 1.6 women for every man. They predominated single adolescents, coming from urban areas. The place of residence or the ethnicity in the establishment of early adolescent relationships are not risk factors. The socioeconomic level is a risk factor for early adolescent relationships.

CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents use different means and ways to obtain information about sexuality, highlighting what they receive from the media. Family functionality constitutes a risk factor for the initiation of early sexual relations in adolescence