Evaluación de índices de toxicidad del aceite esencial de Lantana camara en Drosophila Melanogaster

Abstract

At present, the indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides for the control of species that affect crops; they have generated effects on human health, environmental pollution, insect resistance and presence of toxic residues in food. To solve this environmental problem, research is needed to develop new alternatives for the control of pests and diseases. In the present work, the toxicity indexes CL50-CL95 of the Lantana camara essential oil grown in the gardens of the city of Cuenca, Ecuador, were evaluated on populations of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. The methodology established by the World Health Organization (WHO) for pesticide resistance was applied. In the study, the dipterous under study showed susceptibility to L. camara essential oil at 24 hours (LC50: 0.56 mg / cm2, CL95: 0.96 mg / cm2). The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation by steam drag, with a yield of 0.022% W / W. The oil of L. camara showed a pH of 5.3, refractive index 1.42 and density 0.845 gr / cm3. The analysis of the composition of the essential oil was carried out by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major components were sesquiterpenes: Germacrene-D (19.29%), B-Cariofileno (14.55%), Alpha-Humeleno (9.51%), Biciclogermacreno (8.94%), Germacreno-B (7.26%). The results obtained point to the essential oil of L. camara as a potential source for the development of inects biocontrollers.