Valor diagnóstico de la técnica del bloque celular frente a la citología convencional en fluidos corporales Solca-Cuenca 2007- 2008

Abstract

Anatomy-pathological diagnosis of neoplastic diseases is performed through the morphological study, either by cytological or histopathological methods, which were supplemented in necessary cases by other procedures or additional techniques. The cytological differentiation between benign and malignant cells in serous fluids and in fine needle aspiration biopsies is often difficult in daily practice. The technique of the cell block is important to be able to reveal tumor cells in samples that have been reported as negative for malignancy by conventional cytological methods, since it is a methodology that allows the use of immunohistochemistry. Objective: Analyze the diagnostic value of the cell block technique in pathological body fluids and fine needle aspiration biopsies in the Department of Pathology of the SOLCA-Cuenca Cancer Institute. Period June 2007 - March 2008. Methods: It is a descriptive correlational study between conventional cytology and cell block. A total of 56 cases from peritoneal lavage fluids were included; ascites fluid, pleural, intratumoral, biliary, BAAF of mammary gland, thyroid, ganglion, vaginal duct, pancreatic tumor and physiological samples such as urine; who were cyto-centrifuged in the Cytospin team and cell block technique. Results: With the Cytospin technique there were inconclusive cases for diagnosis, while with the cell block technique (CB) they were not present. The cell block technique was found in 28.5% of malignant neoplastic cases and with 10.7% in conventional cytology. The 30.5% were asked for immunohistochemical techniques to define the neoplastic origin, being the majority from the gastrointestinal and pulmonary tract. Conclusions: The cell block technique should be a routine procedure in the cytology section. The usefulness of the cell blocks is due to its simplicity, and on the other hand it contributes specificity, since it allows evaluating aspects such as the architecture of the sample, and performs techniques of cytochemistry and immunohistochemistry presenting an optimal quality for its interpretation