Frecuencia, características y complicaciones de preeclamsia en adolescentes. Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso. Cuenca- Ecuador. 2013-2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In underdeveloped countries, the mortality rate of a female teenager due to pregnancy complications is 1 in 150 cases. Women from underdeveloped countries have a risk 7 times greater to suffer from preeclampsia. In Latin America, preeclampsia is the main cause of maternal death. OBJECTIVE: Determine the frequency, characteristics and complications of preeclampsia in female teenagers in Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital (HVCM) during 2013-2015 period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive and observational study has been performed, with a retrospective of the medical histories of pregnant teenagers who presented preeclampsia in HVCM during 2013-2015 period. All the information was collected using forms. Results were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS 15, applying descriptive statistics. RESULTS: From 1988 cases of teenage pregnancy, 151 (7,59%) cases showed preeclampsia; only 127 medical histories that fulfilled inclusion criteria were analyzed. A 74% of the patients were in late adolescence. Among the obstetric characteristics, 84,3% were primigravidas and 74,8% were full-term pregnancies. A 65,4% showed premonitory symptoms, and proteinuria was present in 76,4% of the cases. Prenatal controls were optimal in 43,4%. A 52,0% of the patients exhibited complications and 59,1% of the pregnancies ended in caesarean sections. CONCLUSION: Teenagers with preeclampsia were a 7,59%, the majority being in the late adolescence. More than a half were primigravidas with full-term pregnancies that showed premonitory symptoms, with optimum prenatal controls. A great number of patients showed complications and ended the pregnancy with caesarean sections. KEY WORDS: PREECLAMPSIA, TEENAGERS, PREGNANCY, COMPLICATIONS