Incidencia de hipoacusia y su relación con factores de riesgo, en pacientes del servicio de neonatología, Hospital Latinoamericano, Cuenca-Ecuador. 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The function of the auditory system is a point of interest to the healthcare professionals, it is important the early detection of hearing loss. GENERAL OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of hearing loss and its relationship with risk factors in patients of the Neonatology Service, Hospital Latinoamericano, Cuenca - Ecuador, 2015.

METHODOLOGY: This is a prospective analytical study. A cohort of 50 patients met the inclusion criteria. The risk factors were collected in a form prepared by the authors. For the formulation of statistical tables we used Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and SPSS, and in this way we obtained the data for analysis. Statistical Analysis of Relative Risk, Confidence Interval, and the p Value.

RESULTS: The incidence of hearing loss detected by Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE) was 20 (40%) of a total of 50 patients. The age group that had a greater incidence were patients between 1 and 5 days of birth. The most frequent risk factors were PREMATURITY and APGAR SCORE at minute depressed, both with 28 cases (56%). The MALE SEX with a 60% of the total hearing loss detected was the group with the greater incidence. Within statistically significant risk factors were NEUROLOGIC MANIFESTATIONS, with a RR=3.31 (CI95%: 2.10 - 5.21) and p value = 0.001; and CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS with a RR=2.88 (CI95%: 1.94 - 4.27) and value p=0.021.

CONCLUSIONS: Screening for hearing loss through OAE is important to reach a definitive diagnosis with the test of Evoked Potentials and to achieve an early and adequate treatment. In addition it is important an epidemiological control to detect the risk factors that are present