Situación de riesgo y las formas de afrontamiento en adolescentes de la Unidad Educativa Temporal Miguel Merchán Ochoa sección nocturna. Cuenca 2015

Abstract

Antecedent: Adolescence is a vulnerable stage, different situations can be found which threaten it in its normal development. Those situations can affect physical, familiar, social, and psychological dimensions. These dimensions, which are in risk, are potentiated because of the teenager’s ignorance to face them. The way teenagers try to solve the situations are not appropriated and their physical and psychological health are in risk. General objective: To determine risky situations and the ways the teenagers employ for coping these situations.

Methodology: This current research is a descriptive crossectional study. It was aimed to the teenagers from the “Unidad Educativa Temporal Miguel Merchán Ochoa” who are registered and attending regularly to the night section of this high school. The techniques used in this study were the survey, direct observation, and documentary compilation. The survey used as an instrument was formulated by the authors of this study. It contains socio – demographic data and it pretends to obtain the most important information about the risky situations which the teenagers are exposed to and a coping scale for teenagers (ACS) from the author Frydenberg, E. y Lewis, R. published in 1993. The data were analyzed and tabulated by using Excel and SPSS 15,0 version in Spanish, these programs were used in windows. The results were conducted using frequency statistical tables represented as percentages

Results: Between the 165 teens that were part of this study, it was found that the more predominant risk situations were: the first one is violence where the 79% of the students suffer from any kind of violence while the 21% do not have any violent situation. Migration is another risk situation in which 78% of the teenagers have a member of their family living in another country and the 22% do not have any relative living in another country. Another situation was sexuality, in which 76% of the teenagers have risky sexual intercourse while the other 21% do not have sexual intercourse. Finally, drugs are also another risky situation where 51% of the teenagers take drugs and the 49% do not. It was found that the teenagers react in different ways when they have problems, 39% of the teenagers solve their problems by themselves, 34% of the teenagers have problems when they have to solve a problem and 27% relate their problems with others. Conclusion: The results of this research show the main situations of risk to which they are exposed adolescents as violence, migration, risky sex and consumption of any drugs. The coping strategies most used are the first focused on solving the problem, problems when dealing with situations of risk and coping related to others.