Prevalencia de estrés en los cuidadores familiares de estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual que acuden a las unidades educativas especial del Azuay y Agustín Cueva Tamariz, Cuenca 2015

Abstract

Background: intellectual disability is a public health problem in the country little known. Studies in family caregivers of people with intellectual disabilities in different special education institutions are scarce if not null; this situation determines their ignorance and invisibility state so its study is necessary.

Objective: to determine the prevalence of stress in family caregivers of students with intellectual disabilities who attend Special Education Units.

Material and methods: we used a cross-sectional descriptive quantitative design was carried out in the Education Units: Especial del Azuay, and Agustín Cueva Tamariz. Was included the participation of 151 family caregivers. The Perceived Stress Scale test and Overload Scale Zarit Caregiver was used; data were collected through surveys of family caregivers of students of these institutions.

Results: is evident the prevalence of stress in most family caregivers, letting us know that 94.04% of family caregivers have stress, that corresponds to 142 caregivers; in contrast to 5.96% do not exhibit stress. Perceived Stress Scale indicated that 51% of caregivers have low tension, 30.5% medium stress and 12.6% high tension; likewise Zarit scale shows that 23.2% have mild overload and 45.7% intense overload. We also found that 82.12% were females and 17.85% male; and comprising the ages of 30-34 years with 21.85%; and most are housewives with 55.63%.